An Overview of BRDF Models

This paper is focused on the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) in the context of algorithms for computational production of realistic synthetic images. We provide a review of most relevant analytical BRDF models proposed in the literature which have been used for realistic rendering. We also show different approaches used for obtaining efficient models from acquired reflectance data, and the related function fitting techniques, suitable for using that data in efficient rendering algorithms. We consider algorithms for computation of BRDF integrals, by using Monte-Carlo based numerical integration. In this context, we review known techniques to design efficient BRDF sampling schemes for both analytical and measured BRDF models.The authors have been partially supported by the Spanish Research Program under project TIN2004-07672-C03-02 and the Andalusian Research Program under project P08-TIC-03717

Educación virtual para todos: una revisión sistemática

This article deals with the systematic review of the literature on virtual education for all. Accurately, this work responds to questions such as: What are the technological and pedagogical considerations to implement accessible e-learning proposals in inclusive higher education? What role does the Universal Design for Learning play in the development of virtual educational proposals for all in higher education? Scientific productions were analysed from 2009 to 2018. The study is based on the methodology proposed by Kitchenham (2004) and Okoli & Schabram (2010). The revised productions provide empirical and theoretical data in the field of inclusive virtual higher education. The results show that the accessibility to educational platforms and resources or educational contents has been of great interest, as well as the consideration of the Universal Design for Learning and its three principles to reach the most considerable number of online learners, with training proposals accessible to all who seek an inclusive virtual education.El presente artículo aborda la revisión sistemática de literatura sobre la educación virtual para todos. Concretamente con este trabajo se da respuesta a interrogantes como: ¿cuáles son las consideraciones tecnológicas y pedagógicas para implementar propuestas e-learning accesibles en educación superior inclusiva? ¿Qué papel cumple el Diseño Universal de Aprendizaje en el desarrollo de propuestas educativas virtuales para todos en educación superior? Se analizaron producciones científicas en el período de 2009 a 2018. El estudio se apoya en la metodología propuesta por Kitchenham (2004) y Okoli & Schabram (2010). Las producciones revisadas aportan datos empíricos y teóricos en el ámbito de la educación superior virtual inclusiva. Los resultados muestran que la accesibilidad a las plataformas educativas y recursos o contenidos educativos, han sido de gran interés, así como la consideración del Diseño Universal de Aprendizaje y sus tres principios para llegar a la mayor cantidad de aprendices en línea, con propuestas formativas accesibles para todos que buscan una educación virtual inclusiva

A MOOC on universal design for learning designed based on the UDL paradigm

This article presents the design and pilot of an open online course, based on the principle of universal design for learning (Center for Applied Special Technology, 2011), to promote inclusive virtual education as an improvement transferable to other contexts. The course constitutes the first massive open online course (MOOC) training proposal of the University of Atlántico in Colombia. In this case study, we employed the instructional design methodology of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (Branch, 2009) and the universal design for learning guidelines. The design of this online training activity enhances the quality of inclusive virtual education, improves accessibility with no need for platform adjustments, and involves participants in their learning. This educational initiative complements the academic offer for students, graduates, administrators, teachers, and external guests, and contributes to the democratisation of education. The result is the creation of a MOOC, “Inclusive Educational Contexts: Design for all”, which is accessible to a diverse range of learners.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under project TIN2017-89517-P

Open learning recognition in traditional universities

En la actualidad existe un gran interés sobre los materiales educativos en abierto, en todas sus modalidades: repositorios institucionales OCW, recursos sueltos, o incluso más recientemente como cursos masivos abiertos (los también llamados MOOC). Todo este panorama ha generado un importante debate acerca de su efectividad en términos de aprendizaje, sostenibilidad y sobre todo el papel que en este contexto las instituciones de educación superior desempeñan. Entendemos que serán los propios alumnos interesados en sacar el máximo provecho a sus estudios (formales e informales) los que demandarán a las universidades que se les reconozcan sus competencias y habilidades. En este artículo nos ponemos desde el punto de vista de la universidad que se plantea actuar como entidad certificadora de cursos basados en OER, y describimos los distintos escenarios. Ante todo la institución debe saber a qué se enfrenta y cuáles son las casuísticas existentes. Desde la experiencia del proyecto europeo OERtest, en el que cinco instituciones de educación superior han realizado una experiencia piloto, podemos ofrecer unas conclusiones en cuanto a la viabilidad de certificar y reconocer créditos cuando un alumno de la propia institución (o bien externo) solicita a la universidad este servicio.At present, there is great interest over the concept of Open Educational Resources (OER) in all of its forms: OpenCourseware repositories OCW, spare open resources, or even more recently as Massive Online Open Courses (also called MOOC). This panorama has generated considerable debate about their effectiveness in terms of learning, sustainability and especially the role that higher education institutions play in this context. We understand that most of the students are interested in making the most of their education (formal and informal), and that will require universities to recognize their skills and abilities. In this article we start from the point of view of the university as a certifying OER-based institution, and we describe the different scenarios that arises. First of all the institution should know what is facing and what are the existing scenarios. From the experience of the European project OERtest, in which five higher education institutions have conducted a pilot on this issue, we can offer some conclusions regarding the feasibility of certifying and award credits to a student (internal or external to the institution when this service is requested.Este proyecto ha sido parcialmente financiado con el proyecto Europeo de EACEA Lifelong Learning Program OERtest: Testing an Open Education Resource Framework for Europe (agreement 510718-LLP-2010-ES-ERASMUS-EVC)

Ordering Artificial Intelligence Based Recommendations to Tackle the SDGs with a Decision-Making Model Based on Surveys

This work was supported by the contract OTRI-4408 between the University of Granada and the Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain financed by Ferrovial S.A. Eugenio Martinez Camara was supported by the Spanish Government fellowship programme Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion (IJC2018-036092-I).The United Nations Agenda 2030 established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a guideline to guarantee a sustainable worldwide development. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and other digital technologies have already changed several areas of modern society, and they could be very useful to reach these sustainable goals. In this paper we propose a novel decision making model based on surveys that ranks recommendations on the use of different artificial intelligence and related technologies to achieve the SDGs. According to the surveys, our decision making method is able to determine which of these technologies are worth investing in to lead new research to successfully tackle with sustainability challenges.University of Granada - Ferrovial S.A. OTRI-4408Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain - Ferrovial S.A. OTRI-4408Spanish Government fellowship programme Juan de la Cierva Incorporacion IJC2018-036092-

Como seleccionar aleatoriamente una dirección utilizando la BRDF como distribución de probabilidades

Explicación y pseudocódigo de un algorítmo de muestreo de BRDFs

Un algoritmo de muestreo por importancias para BRDFs arbitratias aplicado a técnicas de iluminación global

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos. Leída el 27 de junio de 200